In his new book, Yannis Karas presents features of the making of the Greek national conscience through history and philosophy of science from 18th to the end of the 19th century. The texts of the book are based on communications given by the author during the last two years in various Conferences. Contents of the book: Historical knowledge, an instrument for self-consciousness; Aristotelian tradition and scientific thought during the period of Modern Greek Revival (18th c.); The vicissitudes of Physics, the decay of Natural sciences during the 19th century in Greece; The Anthology of Physics of Rigas Ferraios, a radical educational concept; The Balkans as a common cultural space; The political thought during the period of the Greek Revival.