After the Manchus founded the Qing dynasty and took Beijing, the Jesuits put their scientific and technical expertise in their service. Besides calculating the calendar, they worked as engineers, gun-founders, musicians, clockmakers and cartographers. While the emperors effectively held a monopoly on Jesuit knowledge and know-how in these fields, in other fields Western learning circulated among literati in the form of printed books. Thus it was appropriated both as a tool for statecraft and as a subject of scholarly study.Air Zoom Pegasus 34 Leather